訂閱消息說明

訂閱消息是微信近期新出的一個能力,用來代替原有的模板消息(原有的模板消息即將下線)

訂閱消息的功能較模板消息有所提升,'7天'的限制取消,同時有'一次性'和'永久'訂閱.(功能上是這樣說的,但是實際開發(fā)時發(fā)現(xiàn)'永久'訂閱還是對小程序的服務(wù)類目有要求的,客戶的小程序只支持'一次性'訂閱)

官方通道:小程序前端:點擊進入小程序服務(wù)端:點擊進入

開發(fā)思路

用戶在小程序內(nèi)觸發(fā)按鈕或進行支付操作時前端調(diào)用訂閱消息授權(quán)框,默認一次授權(quán)只能發(fā)送一次訂閱消息如果用戶勾選'下次自動授權(quán)',下次將不再彈出授權(quán)框->點擊按鈕直接擁有一次發(fā)送訂閱消息的機會,此處不需要模板消息的'formId',較之前更簡單經(jīng)過測試,如果在小程序上多次點擊觸發(fā)授權(quán)的按鈕,發(fā)送訂閱消息的機會可以累加!!!(如,1分鐘內(nèi)點擊了10次按鈕,后面將擁有10次發(fā)送訂閱消息的機會,什么時候發(fā)都可以)

代碼實現(xiàn)(僅java后端)

實體類部分

1.TemplateParam.java

public class TemplateParam { private String key; private String value; public TemplateParam(String key,String value){ this.key=key; this.value=value; } public String getValue() { return value; } public void setValue(String value) { this.value = value; }public String getKey() { return key;}public void setKey(String key) { this.key = key;} }

2.Template.java

import java.util.List;public class Template { private String touser; private String template_id; private String page;private List<TemplateParam> templateParamList; public String getTouser() { return touser;}public void setTouser(String touser) { this.touser = touser;}public String getTemplate_id() { return template_id;}public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) { this.template_id = template_id;}public String getPage() { return page;}public void setPage(String page) { this.page = page;}public String toJSON() { StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append('{'); buffer.append(String.format(''touser':'%s'', this.touser)).append(','); buffer.append(String.format(''template_id':'%s'', this.template_id)).append(','); buffer.append(String.format(''page':'%s'', this.page)).append(','); buffer.append(''data':{'); TemplateParam param = null; for (int i = 0; i < this.templateParamList.size(); i++) { param = templateParamList.get(i); // 判斷是否追加逗號 if (i < this.templateParamList.size() - 1){ buffer.append(String.format(''%s': {'value':'%s'},', param.getKey(), param.getValue())); }else{ buffer.append(String.format(''%s': {'value':'%s'}', param.getKey(), param.getValue())); } } buffer.append('}'); buffer.append('}'); return buffer.toString(); } public List<TemplateParam> getTemplateParamList() { return templateParamList; } public void setTemplateParamList(List<TemplateParam> templateParamList) { this.templateParamList = templateParamList; } }

工具類部分

1.CommonUtil.java

import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.ConnectException; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class CommonUtil { public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { JSONObject jsonObject = null; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); try { // 創(chuàng)建SSLContext對象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化 TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance('SSL', 'SunJSSE'); sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); // 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象 SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // 設(shè)置請求方式（GET/POST） httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); if ('GET'.equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { httpUrlConn.connect(); } // 當有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes('UTF-8')); outputStream.close(); } // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, 'utf-8'); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); // 釋放資源 inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; httpUrlConn.disconnect(); jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); } catch (ConnectException ce) { ce.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return jsonObject; } public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); try { URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // 設(shè)置請求方式（GET/POST） httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); if ('GET'.equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { httpUrlConn.connect(); } // 當有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes('UTF-8')); outputStream.close(); } // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, 'utf-8'); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); // 釋放資源 inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; httpUrlConn.disconnect(); //jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); } catch (ConnectException ce) { ce.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return buffer.toString(); } public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source){ String result = source; try { result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source,'utf-8'); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } public static String httpsRequestForStr(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { String result=''; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); try { // 創(chuàng)建SSLContext對象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化 TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance('SSL', 'SunJSSE'); sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); // 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象 SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // 設(shè)置請求方式（GET/POST） httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); if ('GET'.equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { httpUrlConn.connect(); } // 當有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes('UTF-8')); outputStream.close(); } // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, 'utf-8'); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); // 釋放資源 inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; httpUrlConn.disconnect(); result=buffer.toString(); } catch (ConnectException ce) { ce.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }

2.HttpUtil.java

import java.io.IOException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.http.Consts;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;public class HttpUtil {private static final CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();/** * 發(fā)送HttpGet請求 * @param url * @return */public static String sendGet(String url) { HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpclient.execute(httpget); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } String result = null; try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return result;}/** * 發(fā)送HttpPost請求，參數(shù)為map * @param url * @param map * @return */public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> map) { List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) { formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, Consts.UTF_8); HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url); httppost.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpclient.execute(httppost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity(); String result = null; try { result = EntityUtils.toString(entity1); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result;}/** * 發(fā)送不帶參數(shù)的HttpPost請求 * @param url * @return */public static String sendPost(String url) { HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpclient.execute(httppost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String result = null; try { result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result;} }

jar包:

1.fastjson-1.2.44.jar

控制層代碼:

1.獲取ACCESS_TOKEN

String url='https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=' + 小程序的appid + '&secret=' + 小程序的Secret String result = HttpUtil.sendGet(url); JSONObject object=JSON.parseObject(result); String Access_Token = object.getString('access_token');

2.發(fā)送訂閱消息

Template template=new Template(); template.setTemplate_id('填寫小程序申請的訂閱消息id'); template.setTouser('用戶的openid'); template.setPage('pages/index/index'); List<TemplateParam> paras=new ArrayList<TemplateParam>(); paras.add(new TemplateParam('character_string2','000001')); paras.add(new TemplateParam('amount1','888.88')); paras.add(new TemplateParam('date3','2015年01月05日')); paras.add(new TemplateParam('thing4','請進入小程序查1看')); template.setTemplateParamList(paras); String requestUrl='https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN'; requestUrl=requestUrl.replace('ACCESS_TOKEN', Access_Token); System.out.println(template.toJSON()); net.sf.json.JSONObject jsonResult=CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, 'POST', template.toJSON()); if(jsonResult!=null){ System.out.println(jsonResult); int errorCode=jsonResult.getInt('errcode'); String errorMessage=jsonResult.getString('errmsg'); if(errorCode==0){ System.out.println('Send Success'); }else{ System.out.println('訂閱消息發(fā)送失敗:'+errorCode+','+errorMessage); } }

總結(jié)

1.本文閱讀對象為初學者,所有各種工具類.jar包都粘出來了,直接復(fù)制即可使用2.通過該功能的開發(fā),發(fā)現(xiàn)小程序的通知類功能監(jiān)管更加嚴格,必須用戶授權(quán)才可以發(fā)訂閱消息,同時用戶可以更方便的取消訂閱,所以建議開發(fā)者慎用此功能

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