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ASP.NET MVC使用Identity增刪改查用戶

瀏覽：163日期：2022-06-09 11:58:25

源碼在這里：https://github.com/darrenji/UseIdentityCRUDUserInMVC，本地下載

在VS2013中創建一個MVC項目，用默認的"無身份驗證"作為身份驗證機制。

通過控制臺下載Bootstrap。

Install-Package -version 3.0.3 bootstrap

下載成功后，在解決方案下的Content和Scripts多了該版本的css和js文件。

把創建項目默認HomeController中的所有Action以及/Views/Home下的所有視圖刪除。

熱熱身

先來做一個簡單練習。

在HomeController中的Index方法中，把一個字典傳遞給視圖。

    public class HomeController : Controller    {public ActionResult Index(){    Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();    data.Add("placeholder", "placeholder");    return View(data);}    }

_Layout.cshtml設置如下：

<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>    <meta charset="utf-8" />    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">    <title>ASP.NET Identity實戰</title>    <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />    <link href="~/Content/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />    <style>.container {padding-top:10px;}.validation-summary-errors{color:red;}    </style></head><body>        <div>@RenderBody()    </div>    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)</body>

Home/Index.cshtml視圖中：

@{    ViewBag.Title = "Index";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<div>    <div>用戶明細</div>    <table>@foreach (string key in Model.Keys){    <tr><th>@key</th><td>@Model[key]</td>    </tr>}    </table></div>

前期準備

分別安裝如下組件。

Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework –Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.OWIN -Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 2.1.0

配置Web.config如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!--  有關如何配置 ASP.NET 應用程序的詳細信息，請訪問  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880  --><configuration>  <configSections>    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />  </configSections>  <connectionStrings>    <add name="IdentityDb" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=IdentityDb;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=15;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"/></connectionStrings>  <appSettings>    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />    <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />  </appSettings>  <system.web>    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />  </system.web>  <runtime>    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">      <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /><bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />      </dependentAssembly>    </assemblyBinding>  </runtime>  <entityFramework>    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />    <providers>      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />    </providers>  </entityFramework></configuration>

以上，

增加了connectionStrings節點，將自動創建localdb數據庫
在appSettings節點中增加了一個key為owin:AppStartup項，這是確保OWIN運行正常的全局配置

在Models文件夾下創建如下類。

    public class AppUser : IdentityUser    {    }

在解決方案下創建Infrastructure文件夾。

在Infrastructure文件夾下創建一個上下文類，需要實現IdentityDbContext<>接口。

   public class AppIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser>    {public AppIdentityDbContext()    : base("IdentityDb"){}static AppIdentityDbContext(){    //使用EF Code First第一次創建的時候調用    Database.SetInitializer<AppIdentityDbContext>(new IdentityDbInit());}public static AppIdentityDbContext Create(){    return new AppIdentityDbContext();}    }    //初始化    public class IdentityDbInit : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<AppIdentityDbContext>    {protected override void Seed(AppIdentityDbContext context){    PerformInitialSetup(context);    base.Seed(context);}//初始化工作public void PerformInitialSetup(AppIdentityDbContext context){ }    }

在Infrastructure文件夾下創建一個管理用戶的類，需要繼承UserManager<AppUser>類。

還記得，先前在appSettings節點中配置了一個如下方式：

<add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />

OWIN需要一個全局啟動文件，默認會到項目的頂級命名空間下找IdentityConfig這個類。

那就在App_Start中創建IdentityConfig這個類，這個類在WebApplication4這個命名空間下。

namespace WebApplication4{    public class IdentityConfig    {public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app){    app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(AppIdentityDbContext.Create);    app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppUserManager>(AppUserManager.Create);    app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions { AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,LoginPath = new Microsoft.Owin.PathString("/Account/Login")    });}    }}

顯示用戶

創建AdminController，現在可以向視圖傳遞所有的用戶了，編寫如下：

    public class AdminController : Controller    {public ActionResult Index(){    return View(UserManager.Users);}private AppUserManager UserManager{    get    {return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();    }}    }

再創建Admin/Index.cshtml類型為IEnumerable<AppUser>的強類型視圖。

@model IEnumerable<WebApplication4.Models.AppUser>@{    ViewBag.Title = "Index";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<div>    <div>所有用戶賬戶    </div>    <table><tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th></th></tr>@if (Model.Count() == 0){    <tr><td colspan="4">還沒有創建用戶</td></tr>}else{    foreach (WebApplication4.Models.AppUser user in Model)    {<tr>    <td>@user.Id</td>    <td>@user.UserName</td>    <td>@user.Email</td>    <td>@using (Html.BeginForm("Delete", "Admin",    new { id = user.Id })){    @Html.ActionLink("編輯", "Edit", new { id = user.Id },    new { @class = "btn btn-primary btn-xs" })    <button    type="submit">刪除    </button>}    </td></tr>    }}    </table></div>@Html.ActionLink("創建用戶", "Create", null, new { @class = "btn btn-primary" })

創建用戶

在Models文件夾下創建一個視圖模型。

namespace WebApplication4.Models{    public class CreateModel    {public string Id { get; set; }[Required]public string Name { get; set; }[Required]public string Email { get; set; }[Required]public string Password { get; set; }    }}

在AdminController中添加創建用戶相關的方法。

   public class AdminController : Controller    {public ActionResult Index(){    return View(UserManager.Users);}//創建顯示public ActionResult Create(){    return View();}[HttpPost]public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model){    if(ModelState.IsValid)    {var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);if(result.Succeeded){    return RedirectToAction("Index");}else{    AddErrorsFromResult(result);}    }    return View(model);}//創建接收private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result){    foreach(var error in result.Errors)    {ModelState.AddModelError("", error);    }}private AppUserManager UserManager{    get    {return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();    }}    }

在Admin/Create.cshtml視圖頁中：

@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel@{    ViewBag.Title = "Create";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>Create</h2>@using (Html.BeginForm()) {    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()        <div><h4>創建用戶</h4><hr />@Html.ValidationSummary(true)<div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)    </div></div><div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)    </div></div><div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)    </div></div><div>    <div><input type="submit" value="創建用戶" />    </div></div>    </div>}<div>    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")</div>

點擊"創建"按鈕，創建成功返回顯示用戶頁面。

oh, my god,只是配置了一下就有數據了？數據在哪呢？

點擊左上角的"服務器資源管理器"，右鍵"IdentityDb"，點擊"刷新"。

再打開AspNetUsers表，剛創建的用戶赫然在列。

好像還有點欠缺，用戶輸入密碼的時候，總應該有些限制吧。

能想到的，ASP.NET Identity都為我們準備好了。有一個PasswordValidator類就是干這個的。

在Infrastructure文件夾中創建一個PasswordValidator類的繼承子類。

namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure{    public class CustomPasswordValidator : PasswordValidator    {public override async Task<IdentityResult> ValidateAsync(string pass){    IdentityResult result = await base.ValidateAsync(pass);    if (pass.Contains("12345"))    {var errors = result.Errors.ToList();errors.Add("密碼中包含太多連續數字");result = new IdentityResult(errors);    }    return result;}    }}

然后需要把這個規則告訴UserManager。

namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure{    public class AppUserManager : UserManager<AppUser>    {public AppUserManager(IUserStore<AppUser> store) : base(store) { }public static AppUserManager Create(IdentityFactoryOptions<AppUserManager> options, IOwinContext context){    //identity ef上下文    AppIdentityDbContext db = context.Get<AppIdentityDbContext>();    //與identity ef相關的UserStore    IUserStore<AppUser> us = new UserStore<AppUser>(db);    AppUserManager manager = new AppUserManager(us);    //密碼相關    manager.PasswordValidator = new CustomPasswordValidator { RequiredLength = 6,RequireNonLetterOrDigit = false,RequireDigit = false,RequireLowercase = true,RequireUppercase = true    };    return manager;}    }}

再次運行程序，創建用戶頁面，嘗試輸入不通過的密碼。

不過，關于密碼的規則，似乎可以在View Model的驗證層面就可以解決掉。

編輯和刪除用戶

在AdminController中增加編輯和刪除的部分。

    public class AdminController : Controller    {public ActionResult Index(){    return View(UserManager.Users);}//創建顯示public ActionResult Create(){    return View();}//創建接收[HttpPost]public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model){    if(ModelState.IsValid)    {var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);if(result.Succeeded){    return RedirectToAction("Index");}else{    AddErrorsFromResult(result);}    }    return View(model);}//編輯顯示public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id){    AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);        if(User != null)    {CreateModel createModel = new CreateModel();createModel.Id = user.Id;createModel.Email = user.Email;createModel.Name = user.UserName;createModel.Password = user.PasswordHash;return View(createModel);    }    else    {return RedirectToAction("Index");    }}//接收編輯[HttpPost]public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(CreateModel createModel){        if(ModelState.IsValid)    {AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(createModel.Id);if (user != null){    //關于郵箱    user.Email = createModel.Email;    IdentityResult validEmail = await UserManager.UserValidator.ValidateAsync(user);    if (!validEmail.Succeeded)    {AddErrorsFromResult(validEmail);    }    user.UserName = createModel.Name;    //關于密碼    IdentityResult validPass = null;    if (createModel.Password != string.Empty)    {validPass = await UserManager.PasswordValidator.ValidateAsync(createModel.Password);if (validPass.Succeeded){    user.PasswordHash = UserManager.PasswordHasher.HashPassword(createModel.Password);}else{    AddErrorsFromResult(validPass);}    }    user.Email = createModel.Email;    //驗證結果    if ((validEmail.Succeeded && validPass == null) || (validEmail.Succeeded    && createModel.Password != string.Empty && validPass.Succeeded))    {IdentityResult result = await UserManager.UpdateAsync(user);if (result.Succeeded){    return RedirectToAction("Index");}else{    AddErrorsFromResult(result);}    }    else    {ModelState.AddModelError("", "無此用戶");    }}return View(createModel);    }    else    {return View(createModel);    }    }//刪除[HttpPost]public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id){    AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);    if(user != null)    {IdentityResult result = await UserManager.DeleteAsync(user);if(result.Succeeded){    return RedirectToAction("Index");}else{    return View("Error", result.Errors);}    }    else    {return View("Error", new string[] { "沒有此用戶" });    }}private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result){    foreach(var error in result.Errors)    {ModelState.AddModelError("", error);    }}private AppUserManager UserManager{    get    {return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();    }}    }

Admin/Edit.cshtml視圖。

@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel@{    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>Edit</h2>@using (Html.BeginForm()){    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()        <div><hr />@Html.ValidationSummary(true)@Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)<div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)    </div></div><div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)    </div></div><div>    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })    <div>@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)    </div></div><div>    <div><input type="submit" value="保存" />    </div></div>    </div>}<div>    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")</div>

另外，如果刪除失敗，跳轉到Shared/Error.cshtml視圖頁。

@model IEnumerable<string>@{ ViewBag.Title = "Error";}<div>    @switch (Model.Count())    {case 0:    @: Something went wrong. Please try again    break;case 1:@Model.First();  break;default:@: 發現如下錯誤:<ul>    @foreach (string error in Model)    {<li>@error</li>    }</ul>    break;    }</div>@Html.ActionLink("確定", "Index", null, new { @class = "btn btn-default" })

至此，使用ASP.NET Identy實現對用戶的增刪改查完畢，ASP.NET Identity真的很好很強大！

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